2015 年底，多家公司就联合声明：呼吁运营商严格打击流量劫持。但是，能够实施这一攻击行为的目前也就是各地的宽带运营商了，让贼捉贼怎么可能？！况且， 在某些地区，这种劫持文件并插入广告的方式已经成为他们轻松来钱的“优质”渠道了，怎能轻易放手！所以，从 15 年起，很多大型网站开启了 HTTPS ，包括 淘宝、百度等。

鉴于国内网络环境复杂，建议大家也尽快支持 HTTPS。尤其是国内云厂商基本都支持 Let’s encrypt 免费证书了，无论申请还是开启 Let’s encrypt 证书都很方便了。

关于流量劫持，常见的就是网页内容被插入各种广告！而这些网站本身源代码并没有植入广告，这种方式的流量劫持属于中间人攻击（Man-in-the-Middle Attack，MITM）的一种，其实质就是在数据通路上劫持文件并篡改（一般是加入广告代码），并将篡改后的文件 发送给客户端。在这种攻击下，源服务器上的文件是不受影响的，文件被篡改是发生在传输过程中，由于 HTTP 协议完全是明文传输，很容易被劫持、篡改，因此，只要文件在 加密通道中传输就能够避免被劫持、篡改。

一、获取 Let’s encrypt 免费证书

建议使用git工具，安装部署时需要Python2.7的支持，linux默认都装了python ，本案例在centos7下进行

如果没有以上依赖，请先安装：

shell# yum install git  #安装git
shell# git clone https://github.com/letsencrypt/letsencrypt  #获取源码

二、生成证书密钥

shell# cd letsencrypt
shell# ./letsencrypt-auto certonly --standalone --email 354867750@qq.com -d chenweikang.top -d www.chenweikang.top
 
#以下为交互日志
Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
Plugins selected: Authenticator standalone, Installer None
 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Please read the Terms of Service at
https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.2-November-15-2017.pdf. You must
agree in order to register with the ACME server at
https://acme-v01.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(A)gree/(C)ancel: A
 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Would you be willing to share your email address with the Electronic Frontier
Foundation, a founding partner of the Let's Encrypt project and the non-profit
organization that develops Certbot? We'd like to send you email about EFF and
our work to encrypt the web, protect its users and defend digital rights.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Y)es/(N)o: Y
Obtaining a new certificate
Performing the following challenges:
tls-sni-01 challenge for chenweikang.top
tls-sni-01 challenge for www.chenweikang.top
Waiting for verification...
Cleaning up challenges
 
IMPORTANT NOTES:
 - Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at:
   /etc/letsencrypt/live/chenweikang.top/fullchain.pem
   Your key file has been saved at:
   /etc/letsencrypt/live/chenweikang.top/privkey.pem
   Your cert will expire on 2018-03-17. To obtain a new or tweaked
   version of this certificate in the future, simply run
   letsencrypt-auto again. To non-interactively renew *all* of your
   certificates, run "letsencrypt-auto renew"
 - Your account credentials have been saved in your Certbot
   configuration directory at /etc/letsencrypt. You should make a
   secure backup of this folder now. This configuration directory will
   also contain certificates and private keys obtained by Certbot so
   making regular backups of this folder is ideal.
 - If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:
 
   Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt:   https://letsencrypt.org/donate
   Donating to EFF:                    https://eff.org/donate-le

在 /etc/letsencrypt/live/chenweikang.top 目录下会生成4个文件，分别为Apache和Nginx用到的：

cert.pem  - Apache服务器端证书
chain.pem  - Apache根证书和中继证书
fullchain.pem  - Nginx所需要ssl_certificate文件
privkey.pem - 安全证书KEY文件

[root@iz2zeeuc8ed3wflgmb7rakz chenweikang.top]# ll
total 4
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  39 Dec 17 17:13 cert.pem -> ../../archive/chenweikang.top/cert1.pem
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  40 Dec 17 17:13 chain.pem -> ../../archive/chenweikang.top/chain1.pem
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  44 Dec 17 17:13 fullchain.pem -> ../../archive/chenweikang.top/fullchain1.pem
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  42 Dec 17 17:13 privkey.pem -> ../../archive/chenweikang.top/privkey1.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 543 Dec 17 17:13 README

三、Nginx配置Https

根据自己网站配置，对nginx或apache进行配置，橘红色为我新增的，
关于http重定向到https有多种方式，这里使用rewrite重定向

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.chenweikang.top chenweikang.top;
    root /home/wordpress/server;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    error_page 404  /ERROR/404.html;
    #访问http时跳重定向到https
    if (-f $request_filename/index.html){
          rewrite (.*) https://$host$1/index.html break;
     }
    if (-f $request_filename/index.php){
          rewrite (.*) https://$host$1/index.php;
     }
    if (!-f $request_filename){
      rewrite (.*) https://$host$1/index.php;
     }
   location ~ \.php$ {
     fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9100;
     fastcgi_index  index.php;
     include        fastcgi.conf;
   }
}
 
server {
   listen 443 ssl;
   ssl on;
   #指定pem格式的证书
   ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/chenweikang.top/fullchain.pem;
   #指定私钥
   ssl_certificate_key  /etc/letsencrypt/live/chenweikang.top/privkey.pem;
   server_name www.chenweikang.top chenweikang.top;
   root /home/wordpress/server;
   index index.html index.htm index.php;
   error_page 404  /ERROR/404.html;
    if (-f $request_filename/index.html){
          rewrite (.*) $1/index.html break;
     }
    if (-f $request_filename/index.php){
          rewrite (.*) $1/index.php;
     }
    if (!-f $request_filename){
      rewrite (.*) $1/index.php;
     }
   location ~ \.php$ {
     fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9100;
     fastcgi_index  index.php;
     include        fastcgi.conf;
   }
}

重新加载nginx，尝试使用http访问 ，若配置正确，会自动重定向到https

最后

Let's Encrypt 有效期为90天，我们可以创建脚本加入定时任务，自动生成密钥

编写脚本 vim /root/createSSL.sh

[root@iz2zeeuc8ed3wflgmb7rakz letsencrypt]# vim createSSL.sh 
#!/bin/bash
 
logDir="/root/createSSL.log"
 
echo "-------------重新生成证书["`date`"]--------" >> $logDir
echo "stop nginx : ok " >> $logDir
#停止nginx
systemctl stop nginx >>  $logDir
 
echo "生成证书 :  " >> $logDir
 
#重新生成证书
/software/temp/letsencrypt/letsencrypt-auto certonly --renew-by-default  --standalone --email 354867750@qq.com -d chenweikang.top -d www.chenweikang.top >> $logDir
 
 
echo "start nginx : ok " >> $logDir
#启动nginx
systemctl start nginx >>  $logDir
 
echo "--------------------------结束---------------------------"  >> $logDir

别忘了权限:

chmod +x /root/createSSL.sh

创建定时任务 crontab -e

30 23 */60 * * expect /root/createSSL.sh

转载请注明：左手代码右手诗 » 使用SSL证书，摆脱运营商流量劫持！

~谢谢打赏~

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